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KMID : 0368419990420010008
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Journal of Plant Biology
1999 Volume.42 No. 1 p.8 ~ p.15
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Turnover of Cell-Wall Polysaccharides during Somatic Embryogenesis and Development of Celery(Apium graveolens L.)
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Yeo, Up Dong
Han, Jung Yeun/Choi, Yong Eui/Soh, Woong Young/Naoki, Nakagawa/Naoki, Sakurai
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Abstract
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Non-embryogenic cells (NEC) and embryogenic cells (EC) were separated from cell clusters derived from the hypocotyl segments of celery seedlings, which had been suspension-cultured in MS medium supplemented with 10^-5 M 2,4-D. The EC formed globular embryos in medium without 2,4-D. The globular embryo developed through heart-shaped, torpedo to cotyledonary embryos within 10 days. The EC and developing embryos were fractionated into symplastic [MeOH, hot water (HW), starch (S)] and apoplastic Ipectin, hemicellulose, TFA (trifluoroacetic acid)-soluble and cellulose] fractions. The EC contained lower levels of sugar in the MeOH fraction and higher levels of starch than NEC. In the apoplastic fractions, there were no differences of total sugar amounts between NEC and EC. Cellulose contents were about 10% of the wall polysaccharides. During somatic embryogenesis, total sugar contents of the MeOH and HW fractions increased till the heart-shaped embryo stage, and then decreased during the torpedo and cotyledonary embryo stages. The sugar contents of the starch, pectin, TFA-soluble, and cellulose fractions did not change during the stages mentioned above. However, the hemicellulose substances remarkably increased during embryogenesis, and then decreased as the development proceeded. The neutral sugar components of the hemicellulosic fractions were analyzed. Arabinose increased markedly in EC to the globular embryo stage, but decreased as the development proceeded. Galactose increased only at the torpedo and cotyledonary embryo stages. Xylose was present at lower levels in all stages of embryogenesis than in the differentiated hypocotyl cell walls. These results suggest that there was a high turnover of arabinogalactan polysaccharides during embryogenesis, and that xylan accumulated in the cell walls of differentiated cells.
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